Two Countries Possess Two Different Educational Sytems

Is Another Country’s Educational System Better? Without a doubt, various nations may have distinctive instructive frameworks however who knows which of them is better. I am a global understudy who originated from Malaysia, a nation which is situated in Southeast Asia at that point went to the United States, a nation which is far separated from my nation of origin, to seek after an advanced education. A considerable lot of my companions frequently ask me whether Malaysia or the United States is better however I was unable to answer them with sureness since I think every nation is inimitable.Although the span that I have been to the states isn't long, I found that the training frameworks are unmistakable between my nation of origin and the United States. Along these lines, every nation has its own quirk as there are sure dissimilarities in the instructive framework regarding decides and reviewing frameworks that exist between two countries. As a matter of first importance, the d ifference of guidelines in instructive framework is one of the variables that lead the nation into the current situation on the planet today. Obvious, the greater part of the schools in Asia, for example, Malaysia, have harder guidelines than in the United States.For model, school uniform and limitations on hairs are obligatory for understudies during their understudy vocation. This inspiration is on the grounds that the administration feels that students will look increasingly sorted out and proficient as in the appearance. In the opposite, understudies in the United State are significantly more over the top as they are allowed to wear any kind of dress that they appreciate wearing. Both of the rules in every nation are right however the one which is utilizing in my nation of origin will influence the reflection of the understudies due to the limitation on choice that they were acclimated to.Not just that, students have no rights and isn't permitted to chat while the teacher is edu cating on the grounds that it is considered as an interference on the off chance that you aim to address anybody. While in the United State, understudies consistently ask the teacher with respect to the wavering they have at the top of the priority list quickly, in contrast to the understudies in my nation. They are urged to trade their own feelings with instructors. To put it plainly, the principles and guidelines in the two nations are extraordinary, however it isn't our place to make a judgment in the event that one country is better over another in light of the fact that they are interesting in their own way.Moreover, aside from school’s mandates, these two spots utilize various methodologies in the evaluation framework. Irrefutably, the greater part of the Asia nations center around the assessment more than the students’ investment in the class. For instance, understudies can at present get an exceptional evaluation regardless of whether they don't present their s choolwork as indicated by the calendar that the educator, as long as they concentrate for the assessment. Truly, this framework isn't impartial for those understudies that partake in the class as they just accomplish the equivalent outcome with the understudies that don't participate in the class.Furthermore, in one paper, it was expressed that instructors these days center around showing the materials that depended on the test which can assist understudies with achieving better scores, however would cause a diminishing degree of information for this generation’s understudies. Then again, the scoring framework in America is an opposite adaptation of my nation of origin. It is incomprehensible for understudies here to accomplish a â€Å"A† in any event, when they score magnificent imprints for the entirety of their tests on the grounds that the framework here focus more on the support of understudies, however not simply the scores.Unlike Malaysia, instructors in America help students to get and retain information which can profit themselves in the remainder of their lives. Consequently, these two districts have unmistakable evaluating frameworks, yet is the motivation behind why they are unique. Taking everything into account, the training framework that every nation is having now makes them flighty; we were unable to choose whether it isn't right or right. Unquestionably, without question, a few people would feel that the framework in America is better a result of its present status on the planet today however no one can decide it.On the contrary side, the framework in my nation of origin, which is Malaysia, is more thorough than where I am concentrating now. Be that as it may, I was unable to tell which of them is better on the grounds that them two have its own shortcomings and qualities. Despite the fact that we don't care for a portion of the frameworks in training, we ought to adjust and get information in the manner it is figured as. Each c ountry has an alternate instructive framework, however no one can choose which of them is better.

Cash payment made on quarterly or semi-annual basic by company to its shareholders. The WritePass Journal

Money installment made on quarterly or semi-yearly essential by organization to its investors. Money installment made on quarterly or semi-yearly essential by organization to its investors. IntroductionIs the company’s profit strategy unimportant to its market value?Bird-in-the-handReferenceRelated Presentation A profit is a dispersion of after-charge benefit. It is a money installment made on quarterly or semi-yearly essential by organization to its investors. Toward the finish of the each money related year each organization needs to choose (profit choice) how much measure of procuring to be held by the organization and how much add up to be dispersed to investors. The profit choice is significant in light of the fact that it influences the measure of inside sourced fund accessible and furthermore influences the arrival got by investors on the shares. Once the organization chose to deliver profits, they may set up a to some degree perpetual profit strategy, which may show the effect of the speculators and the budgetary markets. Setting up a specificâ dividendâ policyâ is to the upside of both the organization and the investor. The appropriation of profits requires the endorsement of the governing body and paid out to investors half a month later. There are a few dates between the occ asions the board proclaims the profit until the profit is really paid. The primary date of note is the revelation date which the leading group of chief proclaims the time or date is reported. The following date of note is ex-profit date which time financial specialists more likely than not purchased the stock to get the profit. The financial specialist, who purchasing the stock after ex-profit date isn't accepting any profit, record date, is a couple of days after the ex-profit date the organization close its stock exchange books and make up a rundown of the investor, who will get the profit. The last advance is installment date which the checks of profit will send to the investors. There are various kinds of profit, which are money or as extra stock which increment the quantity of offers remarkable and for the most part decrease the cost per share, ordinary profit which is paid at standard stretches, or an extraordinary profit which is delivered notwithstanding normal profit and ex changing profit which are overabundance of the held winning they appear on their book. There exist four fundamental sorts of profit strategy speculations Modigliani and Miller (1961) profit Irrelevancy hypothesis, Linter and Gordon (winged animal in-the-hand) Theory, Signaling properties of profit and customers impact. Is the company’s profit strategy unimportant to its reasonable worth? One of the money related scholars (Miller and Modigliani, 1961) gives a recommendation to profit strategy insignificance. They accept that ideal capital markets, which means no assessments or exchange costs exist, the market cost has numerous purchaser or dealer, and there is costless and feely access to data. Modigliani and Miller express that profit strategy was not one of the determinants of offer value .Share esteem is autonomous of the degree of profit paid. A firm deliver profit is superfluous and those investors are uninterested about accepting profit. For instance, from the part of financial specialist, that the organization delivered too huge profit, speculator could purchase more impart to the profit that is over the investor’s desires. Likewise if the organization delivered too little profit, a financial specialist could sell a portion of the company’s offer to mirror the income their normal. Market estimation of organization its expense of capital is free of its capital structure. As indicated by their contention profit strategy is unaffected and immateriality of piece of the overall industry cost .Should the organization pay out to its investors or hold that cash to make new extend. Modigliani and Millers profit unimportance hypothesis says that financial specialists can influence their arrival on a stock paying little mind to the stocks profit Lingering Policy Modigliani and Miller contended that money related target is boost investor riches when the offer cost is amplified. Investors are unconcerned among profits and capital increase. Organization is utilized M Residual profit strategy when an organization embrace all positive NPV venture and delivered out the lingering as profit. On the other hand an organization with insufficient assets to contribute new undertaking, delivered no profit and the extra assets can acquire from outside sources. They were contending that if organization followed the best speculation strategy the estimation of organization is immateriality to its profit strategy. They additionally contend that investors are likewise apathetic regarding the planning of profit installment in such a case that there were no profits the market estimation of organization would increment to reflect as future profit and offer cost is additionally expanding coming about because of the profits of speculation. A profit strategy is unimp ortant in light of the fact that investors can make â€Å"homemade† profits that imply that capital addition isn't ideal appropriate for profit in income terms. This salary is accomplished by people modifying their own portfolios to mirror their own inclinations. For instance a few investors like to get consistent of salary are bound to put resources into bonds, which premium installment don’t change ,as opposed to profit â€paying stock, which worth can vacillate. Winged creature in-the-hand On different hands, Lintner (1962) and Gordon (1963) accept that organization profit arrangements are applicable to their offer cost. Under states of vulnerability and flawed capital market ,he contended â€Å"bird-in-the-hand† hypothesis that speculator can decrease the budgetary hazard related with their venture if the arrival is gotten as profit before, instead of capital addition or higher profits later. On this examination, current profit speak to less hazardous than future capital increase. Hence, organization delivering higher profit will be more worth than organization delivering lower profit. Profit strategy is one of the significance components of deciding offer cost. Gorden contended that the installment of current profits â€Å"determine financial specialist uncertainty†. The key presumption, as contended by Lintner and Gordon, is that in light of the less unsafe nature profits, investors and financial specialists will limit the firm’s profit stream a t a lower pace of return, â€Å"r†, along these lines expanding the estimation of the firm’s shares. As indicated by profit development model, the estimation of a conventional offer, Po is given by: Po=D1/(r-g) Where the consistent profit development rate is signified by g, r is the investor’s required pace of return and D1, speak to the following profit installments. Hence the lower r is according to the estimation of profit installment D1, the more prominent the share’s esteem. In the investor’s see, as indicated by Linter and Gordon, r the arrival from the profit, is less unsafe than the future development rate g. oppapers.com/eassys/Bird-In-Hand/536314 Flagging impact of profit This hypothesis contended that money related data is awry and directors will consistently know more than investors about the future budgetary possibilities of the organization. The profit pronounced can be deciphered as a sign from executives to investors about the quality of basic venture incomes. Expanding profit is typically observed as uplifting news, demonstrating that the organization has inspirational possibilities. The hypothesis of profit flagging has generally alludes to a money appropriation of hold income. jstor.org/pss/2328393 Reference Watson, D. what's more, Head, A. (2010) Corporate fund Principles Practice.5th version. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

Describe climate and soil classifications, using raw data and thematic Essay

Portray atmosphere and soil groupings, utilizing crude information and topical maps - Essay Example The primary target of this examination is to assess the convenience of landsite, topical mapper to help in soil arrangement in Johannesburg in South Africa. Atmosphere framework depends on the area of hot and cold air-mass district and the barometrical dissemination made in terms of professional career twists in wester-lies. South Africa soil order depends on the area and the sort of atmosphere being experienced and the area of the spot. Topical mapper (TM) scene from the Johannesburg, in South Africa, mapped with the dirt scientific categorization framework turns into the favored city of consideration. All things considered four detecting approaches were made to decide the best strategy to recognize soil mapping-units. They were named as straightforward, specialized, scaled and complex methodologies. The consent to utilize the TM information was tried utilizing the framework approach in a directed grouping, where phantom marks were chosen by distinctness investigation and applying the changed difference strategy. The table completely portrays the whole methodologies that were used by the climatologists to get their information. The factual precision and the information decrease of a thirty years length makes specialized methodology of acquiring information the most proper in this circumstance. Checking and evaluating the condition of earth and its atmosphere is the key necessity to the worldwide change look into. Overseeing atmosphere and vegetation, requires a great deal of study that is a lot of complex than that of soil grouping. The characterization and mapping of vegetation is a tedious procedure and it takes researcher and specialists for exact information to be depended upon. The utilization of Koppen atmosphere order framework is the most broadly utilized for characterizing world atmosphere in both a straightforward and confused house. Arrangement framework utilize today was created from the one presented by the Russian-German climatologist Koppen in 1900. He partitioned Earth’s climatic locales to for the most part harmonize with world example of

System Software and Network Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Framework Software and Network Security - Essay Example The distributed computing has been encircled by much promotion just as showcasing procedures of how the IT framework will in the long run be set in the â€Å"Cloud† in the event that one needs to keep at pace with the mechanical advances. It’s generally satisfactory that there is a wide cluster of advantages gathering from distributed computing. This incorporates quick organization, versatility, business dexterity, and lower costs (Hurwitz, 2009). Notwithstanding these accumulating benefits, there is an extraordinary threat to a cloud client. With new suppliers developing every day offering the cloud based administrations, this makes it hard for future cloud adopters to embrace due ingenuity and appropriate assessment of the alternatives. At whatever point the organization settles on the sort of cloud (open, private, half and half) (Furht, 2010) just as the cloud service(IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) which best suits its particular foundation and the business needs, the following s ignificant undertaking ought to be to pick the one explicit seller who can offer the above types of assistance placing into thought both expense and execution. Right now there are no all inclusive guidelines with which a client can use to assess the diverse cloud specialist co-ops which make the whole procedure very testing. All things considered there are a couple of rules that an organization should set up before choosing the best cloud specialist co-op. Most regular reasons why organizations are being attracted to this sort of cloud administration is that it offers great decision for organizations having complex applications running on the organization claimed equipment framework. The companies’ further advantage by maintaining a strategic distance from the forthright capital equipment speculations since this... The paper explains to that most regular reasons why organizations are being attracted to this kind of cloud administration is that it offers great decision for organizations having complex applications running on the organization claimed equipment framework. The companies’ further advantage by staying away from the forthright capital equipment speculations since this specific model depends on the compensation per-utilize model. Before moving parts or the whole IT framework to the cloud, organizations need to state down the particular assistance prerequisites the organization needs as far as help, security, checking. Required Storage Space: You have to place into thought the space you require while you are showcasing for a distributed storage supplier. This encourages you ascertain the genuine expense per GB and this will help with picking the best supplier just as the best arrangement that really accommodates your business needs at the most reasonable cost. On the off chance t hat the extra room is a constrained one, there are various free distributed storage administrations accessible and can offer anyplace between 1GB to 500GBs. Estimating: this is consistently another significant thought. Care ought to be taken while picking the real cost as well as the best estimating model. One have to check if the supplier offers the pay more only as costs arise plans or the fixed value plans. Similarity: this is likewise a significant factor to consider. You have to build up the number just as the different kinds of stages that the different suppliers support. This is significant particularly on the off chance that you will get to your documents utilizing a wide range of gadgets and stages.

Mrs Dalloway Essay Topics - Writing for Your Professors

Mrs Dalloway Essay Topics - Writing for Your ProfessorsIf you're having trouble deciding on Mrs Dalloway essay topics, this article will give you some ideas to get you started. It's important to consider several factors when writing your essay for college or a professional career. You'll want to know what the school expects you to write, how long it will take you to complete the assignment, and if there are any revisions you may need to make.You'll first need to choose a topic that can be studied by a smaller group, so that you can get feedback on your understanding of the subject. A discussion can be beneficial when deciding on essay topics, as long as you are able to include the kind of guidance they offer in your essay. Assignments for these types of topics should also be short and concise.In addition to deciding on essay topics that you will likely complete in a smaller group, you'll also want to consider the length of the essay for a Mrs Dalloway writing class. Remember that the essay is one of the most important parts of a college or professional career guide. You'll need to be able to tell the class how you read the book and learn about the style of the author, which means you need to know how long it takes you to read the book and understand it. Make sure to take a look at your English composition book to see how long each chapter will take you to read.If you are unsure about what you're going to write about, start by reading the subject to determine how well you know the topic. Although Mrs Dalloway's novels are centered on romance, they aren't all about love. You may choose to focus on the subject, but you don't have to.You'll also want to find a topic that fits with the type of writing you want to do in college or after graduation, as well as your professional career. For example, you could choose a character from a book about women who work in the government, or you could write about an athlete. You might be more comfortable writing about a sportspe rson than you would be writing about a politician. Choose a topic that fits with your interests, and the style you are most comfortable with.When you're choosing essay topics, you will also want to consider how long it will take you to complete the assignment. It's OK to take several breaks between each section, so long as you stay on track to finish the assignment on time. Again, you should look at your English composition book to see how long each chapter will take you to read.Finally, you'll want to decide whether or not there are any revisions you will need to make before the deadline for the assignment. If you chose essay topics that require more time than a short essay, you may need to make some revisions to the essay before you submit it. Keep in mind that you will be penalized for a late essay, and the essay may be rejected if it isn't complete at the end of the deadline. The best way to avoid these problems is to pick topics that don't require you to revise it, so it will b e easy to complete.When choosing essay topics, remember that you should choose something that will fit your needs and your writing style. Remember that a good essay is supposed to be an effective communication, and you should be able to convey your ideas to your classmates and the readers. Make sure that you carefully consider all of the above factors when choosing essay topics for your class.

Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Essay Sample

Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding Essay Sample Breastfeeding vs Formula Feeding If one thinks that the fiercest verbal battles are underway among politicians, he can be disappointed. Moms are the most passionate warriors when it goes on how to bring up a child. And one of the most ‘holy war’ topics is the kind of feeding to choose for a baby. The gist of the problem is the ability to choose: it is a pretty complicated process for everyone â€" to make choice. But even harder is to protect this choice later, to stay sure it is the best; otherwise a person feels uncomfortable, loses confidence and self-respect. There are several criteria for selecting breastfeeding or formula feeding. Benefit for a baby. According to the latest discoveries, breast milk is the only useful ‘food’ for a baby because of its composition. It contains all necessary substances, microelements, and vitamins for a baby’s growth and health; moreover, it is unique for each baby and it forms baby’s immunity, helps to adjust a digestive system’s excellent work. The formula is inferior in all aspects comparing it with breast milk in terms of benefit. Mother’s convenience and comfort. From one side, breastfeeding allows travelling without worrying of how to feed baby safely. It is possible anywhere and whenever. From the other side, a mother may not leave a child with someone more than for an hour or two, and it limits her social opportunities. Besides, no alcohol or nicotine, or junk food. So the only way to make a decision is a question of priorities â€" what is more crucial: to provide a baby with the perfect, clean food or desire/necessity to spend time without a baby and satisfy you with harmful substances. Affection and love between a mother and a child. There is no measurement tool that could display a level of feelings. There is no reliable evidence of having more intimacy and affection between a breastfeeding mom and her child than between a mom who chooses the formula. Only conjectures, psychology, and experience. Naturalness. Definitely, breastfeeding is totally natural, there is no a subject to discuss. But the formula feeding supports the claim that if we do not follow all natural instincts and habits of our ancestors, and use the results of progress in other fields, why should we do it in regard to feeding a baby? Ecology. Production of the formula, bottles, and related devices consume many, many resources and causes additional pollution of the environment. Mother’s health. There are researches announcing that breastfeeding reduces the likelihood of breast cancer. But there are no appropriate conditions to make these researches absolutely worthy of trust. So how to choose? The decision should be based on mother’s priorities, lifestyle, worldview, and â€" what is of the biggest importance â€" on full and proved information. It means that when the formula producers declare that the formula can substitute the breast milk it is lie. When they tell that there are mothers who have not breast milk or cannot feed their children it is not lie but manipulation because these cases are quite rare and are connected with diseases or exceptional circumstances. So yes, sometimes the formula is the only way to feed a baby (when there is no a wet nurse or donor breast milk), but in most cases it is merely the issue of choice that must be reasonable, weighted, and sound.

Birmingham Business School Msc International Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Using either the Varieties of Capitalism or the National Systems of Innovation approach compare and contrast the national business or innovation systems of two countries of your choice. Discuss some of the practical implications for international business practitioners of these national differences. Introduction The concept of National Systems of Innovation (NSI) has been gaining importance in past few decades owing to its close connectivity with the intellectual and practical applications. One of important international organization OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has recognized and adopted this conception and encouraged further research and study for the benefit of nations. In the recent years the NSI has attracted the attention of the developing countries to address certain serious economic problems. Various economists treat this as having potential to highlight the root causes for the difference in economic development. They also believe that this would also serve as a powerful framework that can reveal new policies and create institutions that are capable of bridging these differences. What is a National Innovation System? The answer to the question can be partly derived from the very term National Innovation Systems. Innovation is seen as the creation of new processes, products or services based on the advances in technology, change in market demand or a combination of the two (Pavitt, 1994). These new processes, products or services once commercialized aids in economic growth. Therefore it becomes obvious that nations are interested in utilizing the opportunity to build an approach (system) through innovation that causes economic growth. This innovation is made possible through research and interactions. The inclusion of interactions is important as innovation is considered as a social process rather than a process that happens only in research labs. The idea of interactions triggers other aspects of social systems such as national institutions, universities, business firms, government policies, laws and regulations which greatly influence these interactions. To be precise the National Innova tion Systems focuses on the flow of technology and information through the social systems such as firms, institutions and people. The complex set of relationships between the actors of these social systems results in innovation and technological development. Therefore identification and understanding the nature of these linkages is important to build a framework. Here much emphasis is given to the determinants and organization of innovation action Figure 1 : Significance of NIS for economic success Various theories have been published by a number of authors, who tried to explain NSI focusing on various aspects of innovation. Some of the widely noted and accepted definitions are given below. Definitions: The network of institutions in the public- and private-sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies (Freeman, 1987) His definition of NSI focuses on the importance of networks of relationships that is essential for any firm to innovate and develop. His core argument is that the national educational institutions, industrial relationships, technical and scientific institutions, government policies, regulations and cultural traditions have an influence on the innovation systems and is very fundamental. The elements and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new, and economically useful knowledge and are either located within or rooted inside the borders of a nation state (Lundvall, 1992) Lundvalls approach aims at understanding the national innovation systems in the broad sense. Innovation is viewed as an ongoing cumulative process which is just not incremental but also involves diffusion and a bsorption. He also introduces many sources of innovation and mainly considers NIS as an interactive process between various bodies such as firms, network of firms, educational institutions, labor markets etc that determine what kind of innovation takes place in the national system. Developed Nations Vs Developing Nations The Innovation systems framework operates on the policies and procedures the nation employs. It is quite evident that there is a clear distinction between the National Innovation Systems of developed nations and developing nations. Developed nations have attained the stage where innovation and economic development has crossed the acceptable limit. They just need to maintain already established level. On the other hand there are these developing nations who are struggling with catching up of the growth factors. Creating policies that pick up research or improving the science and technology studies inside universities would not be sufficient as there is less absorptive capabilities that can disseminate modern knowledge and technology. That is the current challenge for the developing nations and hence policies and rules should aid the process of improving the conditions gradually. This explains that there is clear variation of the forms and policies of the developed nations to t hat of the developing nations. It is interesting to understand what these challenges would be and how nations actually build policies and procedures that aid growth and also the areas where they can improve on. The choice of the policies must be well analyzed and therefore we look to choose certain common variables that developing nations rely on for improving economic growth. A comparative case study on two developing countries Brazil and Korea provide insight into the various policies and decisions that individual nations applied to improve their economic conditions. A Comparative Case Study: Before we begin detailed study on these nations, we need to organize the comparison with various variables that determine the national innovation systems for these nations. The comparison begins here with these variables and move towards how each nation applied these different variables to elevate their economic status. Some countries were successful in applying them for their growth some fell short. These variables are listed below: Research and Development (R D) : Research is the mother of innovation. Any development that happens requires considerable analysis. This is made possible via dedicated research labs, University Institutions and inside business firms. A nation focusing on R D would definitely benefit and lead an innovative growth. Hence looking at R D as one of the variables for NSI seems essential. Educational Systems and Human Capital Investments: Educational systems create base for any creativity that can happen at subsequent changes. The educational systems form the fundamental knowledge bank. Improved and sophisticated educational systems help the nation to build the absorptive capabilities. Therefore developing nations have to create the future relying on imparting knowledge to nations population. Foreign Direct Investments: FDI, play a major role for imbibing the newer technologies as everything and anything is new to the under developed nations. The developed nations already attained and improved on the available technology and would want to explore newer locations. Hence developing nations should take good advantage of the available technology through FDIs. The manner in which the developing nations formulate and utilize this advantage is what that contributes to the nations success. Government Financial Policies: The government policies contribute a lot for shaping the nations focus and growth. Introducing tax benefits, relaxing trade barriers, giving concessions on certain establishments play a major role to improve the condition. They encourage setting up institutions that aid R D. These forms and policies therefore become one of the determinants of National Innovation Systems. Brazil Vs Korea: A Comparative Study: The case study is performed in tabulation to ensure clear distinction of the various view points. They are presented below: Implications to the International Business Practitioners: We have noted few interesting points that determine the National Innovation systems of a nation. The practical implications as an international Business practitioner are summarized below: Location Preferences: An international Business person might be interested in investing in another country ( location). The NIS framework of that particular nation helps determine the feasibility of setting up a firm. Reveals the availability of skilled resources: One of the factors of determining the establishment of a firm or business venture, would be to analyze the work force available in that particular location. Highly skilled labor from a developing nation is a point of interest for various reasons. The quality of the work expected greatly depends on this factor. Availability of Infrastructure: This is seen as an added advantage and aids the business person to take decision as transportation; communication costs etc, add up and affect the profit margins. They also determine the feasibility of starting a new business as poor facilities do not attract foreign investments. Government Policies: The government policies play a major role as trade barriers, tax rules, investment plans, concessions etc influence the business activities conducted in a foreign location. Conclusion: Thus understanding the NIS framework greatly helps nations understand their current state of growth and also gives insight of the areas where improved methodologies can be implemented. Further study and research into the subject would reveal interesting facts about how nations operate and develop policies. It would also help speculate future economic conditions and trends. Hence NIS forms one of the important subjects of interest.

The Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi - 2268 Words

Review of Literature While I will pull from other sources, the main focus of this paper will be The Complete Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi. Throughout this graphic novel, Satrapi tells her life story and what it was like growing up in Iran. In the opening illustrations, she describes her childhood and her transition from a secular school to one that was religious and separated by gender. At this time it had become law for a woman to wear the veil, or head scarf when in public. Iran transitioned from a government who was forcing them to westernize, to one that legally enforced Islamic practices. Her main concentrations are the social restrictions she faced and the events that occurred around her, which included wars and revolutions. These events caused her parents to push her to flee Iran at the age of fourteen, in hopes of a better life in a European nation. She quickly developed a sense of statelessness (Satrapi). While in Europe, she was seen as â€Å"an Iranian in the Westâ⠂¬  and did not fit in, so she decided to return to Iran with hopes of once again feeling at home, but quickly realized she was now â€Å"a Westerner in Iran† (Satrapi 272). This feeling is not uncommon for the people of Iran, for their nation was being torn between Islamic traditions and invading Western ideas. The respectable representation of this can be found in The Modern Middle East: A History by James Gelvin. Gelvin gives his readers an in depth look at the Iranian Revolution and, not only tellsShow MoreRelatedThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi Essay2019 Words   |  9 Pageslargely affected the views of Iranians by other nations. The graphic novel, The Complete Persepolis, written by Marjane Satrapi (Satrapi, 2003), conveys many of these events and changes through the eyes of a child growing up in the 1980s in Iran. 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In the story, The Complete Persepolis written by Marjane Satrapi, she changes the view towards Iran through occurrences and eastern fundamentalist ideas. In 1979, there was the Islamic revolution in Iran. This year was the year that was going to have many changes to the country. In chapter one of the Veil, there are characters and their freedom of expression being repressed as well as theRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi944 Words   |  4 Pages The Complete Persepolis, written by Marjane Satrapi is a graphic novel that illustrates the authors unforgettable and very rough childhood while growing up in Tehran, Iran during the Islamic Revolution. The book was basically set up with events as the chapters. For example, the chapter â€Å"The Key† describes how plastic keys were handed to the young soldiers as their way to heaven when they died. This is what they were told at least. The book starts when Marji is 10 years old, which isRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi Essay2678 Words   |  11 PagesThe Complete Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi The Veil The reader is introduced to Marjane at 10 in Iran, 1980. She goes to school and wears a veil, just like everyone else. The women in Iran don’t want to wear a veil The new regime in Iran made it mandatory for women to wear a veil. They also segregated the schools between girls and boys Marjane says she wants to be a prophet The school thinks it’s weird that she wants to be a prophet, so they call her parents Even though she wants to be a prophetRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis Marjane Satrapi Analysis1072 Words   |  5 PagesIn her graphic novel â€Å"The Complete Persepolis,† Marjane Satrapi explores different identities and works through troubling hardships as she comes closer to who she truly is as an educated Iranian woman. Satrapi expresses the many trials and tribulations she endured while living in and out of Iran during parts of the Islamic Revolution, all whilst trying to find her identity as a child, teenager, and adult. Although she loses herself along the way, she always finds her true identity and self-worthRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Story Of The Complete Persepolis Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesan unfriendly world. This is not a fictitious story. This is an actual event that happened to the author of The Complete Persepolis. Marjane Satrapi, the author of The Complete Persepolis, grew up during the 1979 Revolution. This event changed many people’s lives, e ither it was for the better or worse is hard to say. Nevertheless, it influenced Satrapi s whole life. In the book, Satrapi expresses her childhood memories through her eyes as a child. Her experiences and ancestry can be clearly shownRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi And I Am Nujood1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthe patriotism that the country gives. Having these ideals one can see that some Americans are even question their own culture, and are constantly changing it due to the surge of countercultures and trend setters. From the texts The Complete Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi and I Am Nujood by Nujood Ali one can observe how western culture has affected people who are not raised within Iranian and Yemini cultures, and it grants a glimpse into other cultures and their beliefs. Despite the culture shock in

The Irrationality of the Lovers in Shakespeares Romeo and...

In the play Romeo and Juliet ,by Shakespeare we are constantly bombarded with different meanings of words, contrasts, and characters who are quite irrational. They wish things upon themselves, and when they happen, are astonished. This piece of literature is filled with situations where the character intends one thing to happen, but his results are completely different. Throughout the following paragraphs the reader is to decide if the examples shown display opposite results from the original plan. In the beginning of the play we are introduced to two characters, Sampson and Gregory. Itching for a fight, they believe they have as much responsibility to defend the name Capulet as their masters do. The quarrel is between†¦show more content†¦This particular contrast is a good resemblance of people and society in general. We are forever bickering with people we claim to be our enemies. We like to decide whom to hate, but hate to pay for the aftermath if it isnt in our favor. When someone we declare our enemy crosses our path, its natural to try and get a punch in. This gives some sense of satisfaction. Try to resist from this, you will benefit. During some of part one, and two, we slowly learn about Romeo and his dilemma. He has fallen in love with beautiful Rosaline and all of his heart is crying out to her. He vows to never see a beauty as fair as her, and complains about the rudeness and pain of love. He allows himself to go to the party with Mercutio and his friends, but remarks he wont have a good time. Ill go along, no such sight to be shown, But to rejoice in a splendor of mine own. That is until he sees Juliet. Instantly he forgets all of his lamenting for Rosaline love, and proclaims Juliet is the most beautiful thing he has ever seen. O! she doth teach the torches to burn bright. It seems she hangs on the cheek of night, like a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear; Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear! So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, As yonder lady oer her fellows shows. The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand, And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? forswear it , sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. WeShow MoreRelatedMidsummer Nights Dream-- Rationality vs. Irrationality Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesSociety today encourages rationality in nearly every situation. That being said, irrational behavior is tolerated today as much as it was in the time of Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream. One does not have to go far to realize this fact – consider the reality television shows today (ex. Jersey Shore, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, The Bachelor, etc.) The reason behind the popularity of these ridiculous shows is quite simple: people find entertainment in watching others make fools out of themselvesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Argumentative Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet Argumentative Essay William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is set in 16th century Verona, Italy. A play that relays the story of two young lovers whose ill-fated deaths end an ancient family feud. The two lovers, Romeo and Juliet, come from families who disapprove of their love. Their situation complicates as the play progresses, with an arranged marriage and several deaths. Romeo and Juliet both fall to the consequences of their secret marriage. Even from the beginning, theirRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Failure Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pagesmany others, Romeo and Juliet fell in love accidentally. Romeo’s love for Rosaline was soon dismissed with the introduction of his counterpart in the play, Juliet. As can perhaps be expected with any great tragedy, their love failed. While many reasons exist for this failure, including fate, young age and a lack of sufficient rationality, their counselor, Friar Lawrence, also played a key role in their love’s failure. Without sufficient foresi ght and logical thinking, Romeo and Juliet became victimsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet880 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture with a wealthy partner. In the passage, Capulet rejects this life for Juliet. Firstly, he highlights that her youth means Juliet is â€Å"a stranger in the world†; Shakespeare follows this scene with the Nurse’s description of Juliet’s youth in Act 1, Scene 3, reinforcing the innocence Capulet sees in his daughter, not yet â€Å"ripe† for marriage. Indeed, the connotations of this descriptor frame the notion of waiting for Juliet to age as holding/creating a sense of beauty, otherwise destroyed by earlyRead MoreThe Slew of Death Caused by Romeo in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare859 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, many characters meet their tragic end as a result of a plethora of factors, from old rivalries to new love. It is a tragic story of two lovers, destined to complete each o ther, but also to end a bitter feud through their deaths (Prologue.3-6). However, if the blame had to be ascribed to one person in particular, that person would be Romeo Montague. Throughout the play, Shakespeare showcases Romeo’s irrationality and poor decision making, leading to the gruesomeRead MoreRomeo and Juliet - an Aristotelian Tragedy of Youth and Love1923 Words   |  8 Pagesessential element in the ‘good or fine’ character of every great tragic hero is ‘hamartia’, the fatal flaw. The tragic hero’s fatal flaws inevitably lead to negative consequences in his life. The character of Romeo, the tragic hero[1] of William Shakespeare’s cautionary tragedy Romeo and Juliet, contains three key fatal flaws that condemn him and others to death. Through employing the dramatic techniques of meaningful dialogue, soliloquy, narrative structure, and characterisation, Shakespeare privilegesRead MoreTybalt in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essays1169 Words   |  5 PagesTybalt in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Tybalt, the nephew of Capulets wife (hence Juliets cousin) is very close to the Capulet family and will therefore do anything to protect the family pride. Tybalt thinks that the Montagues are the canker of Verona ; he deems their mere presence in Capulet company to be a personal insult on the latters family honourRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet2547 Words   |  11 Pagesin William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. In this story, two young lovers from Verona are deprived of that opportunity from the moment they meet; instead, they are forced to head down a path that ultimately leads to their devastating deaths. Many critics argue about who/ what is the true cause of the lovers’ tragic ends, the possibilities revolving around Friar Lawrence, Mercutio and Tybalt, Juliet’s Nurse, politics during the Elizabethan Era, the Prince of Verona, Paris, the lovers’ parents, andRead More The Nature of Love Explored in A Midsummer Nights Dream1563 Words   |  7 Pages(Shakespeare I.i.136). Although the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream certainly deals with the difficulty of romance, it is not considered a true love story like Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare, as he unfolds the story, intentionall y distances the audience from the emotions of the characters so he can caricature the anguish and burdens endured by the lovers. Through his masterful use of figurative language, Shakespeare examines the theme of the capricious and irrational nature of love. As the play opens

Joh Ronson’s, So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed” - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 693 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? In the book, â€Å"So You’ve been Publicly Shamed,† Jon Ronson explains the historical antecedents of online shaming through his exploration of online public shaming experiences. Notably, public shaming is identified as being popular during the colonial era but was slowly phased out years later. However, the shaming phenomenon re-emerged, especially because of the growth of the internet technology in the 21st century. Throughout of his writing, Jon gathers information by interviewing high-ranked government official and other personalities who expressed humiliation through the internet, including Lindsey Stone, Justine Sacco, Ted Poe, and Jonah Lehrer. It is certainly true to argue that public shamming is real. The rapid growth of the social media has increased interaction among people all over the world, making it easy for renounced personalities to become public figures and attract the great attention (Laidlaw 2). Ronson begins with examining his Twitter handle which is automated and bears the username, @jonronson. Although the account is fed with posts concerning smattering of food as well as party tweets, he neither do not participate in the tweets nor his personal life related to them. His is, therefore, inspired by the fact that as much as he tries to remove the posts, the account creators, infomorph, declines his request. Likewise, Ronson evaluates his interaction with the YouTube which seems to be in his favor (Ronson 67). Generally, the internet provides room for either intentional or unintentional forms of humiliations that may make one t feel unacceptable or insufficient. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Joh Ronson’s, So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed†" essay for you Create order Considering the controversial images of Jonah Lehrer and his counterpart, Michael C. Moynihan, contextual evidence can expose ill motivated feelings among people, especially when accompanied by apologies. Actually, making an apology publicly shows some sense of guilt. An example of such an incidence is the televised apology extracted from the conference by John S. and James L. Foundation. Although Lehrer’s speech lacked sincerity and was seen as arrogant, an ideal that explains how much he felt humiliated from the displays through Twitter and over the televisions (Ronson 213). Once, a person is publicly shamed, he or she fights social and emotional pain that originates from self-evaluation or comparison between self-state and social-state (Nosek et al., 45). Elsewhere, public shaming is identified in the case where Andria Richard exposes the tech developers. Shaming is at this point explained as a vise that can easily lead to loss of jobs as people like Hunk and Richard herself got fired (Ronson 177). In other words, these actions motivate in-fighting and ill-feelings about each other within a workplace and eventually bring about negativities in personalities. Each member tends to feel that the other is responsible for his or her downfall (Nosek et al., 56). To make the matters worse, Robinson expresses his concern on the creative and legal mechanisms that enable people to hide negative search results. Through this aspect of technology, individuals can hide their ill motives through others. For instance, Justine Sacco’s incidence identifies the possibilities of intentional violation of personal attributes through the exposure of personal information on the internet. All in all, public shamming is real and humiliating. Basing on Laidlaw’s observations, Ronson’s idea is highly positive, having attained a score of about 3.5 out of five on average (Laidlaw 3). Personally, I find it difficult to post some of the ideas I would view as important to share but aggressive and arrogant comments tends to threaten my spirit. It becomes even worse when realizing that majority loves public shamming. For example, landlords and lenders use some sites to complain and exposure their debtors (Laidlaw 3). Similarly, it would be very disappointing for public officer or a celebrity to commit an offence as the news will spread all over the world within a very short time. This is relatively different to the past when social networks were not highly connected. Shamming in todays’ societies haphazardly mix realities with virtual personal or societal images Nosek et al. 82). Therefore, Ronson provides a positive insight on the use of internet, owing in mind that any user can get into a trap. No one is prone or less prone to attack, hence, the need to take precautions and avoid interfering with other people’s business.

The Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp ) - 1349 Words

Introduction Passed in October 2015, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the largest free trade agreement (FTA) to date, comprising nearly 40% of the world’s economy. Countries including the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, South Korea and Mexico, among others share a common economic characteristic of a gross domestic production exceeding 1 trillion dollars annually. Other developing pacific countries included within the TPP include Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Vietnam, Singapore, Chile, Brunei, and New Zealand. After a decade of negotiation, this economic policy is exceptionally influential in developing countries among the global economy. International relations aim to lower trade barriers for partners of the TPP, making it easier and more profitable for imports and exports to exchange between countries. Lower trade barriers, mainly reduced taxes and tariffs, are expected to promote economic growth, support the creation and retention of jobs, enhance innovation, productivity and co mpetitiveness, raise living standards, reduce poverty, and enhance labor and environmental protections (Vincent 2014). This review thoroughly examines current environmental policy, and outlays implications for policy-specific regulations included within the TPP to enhance the environmental conservation of habitat for marine mammals. A well-known premise is that past behavior is the best indicator of future behavior. Thus, by examining the environmental policy of past trade agreements, andShow MoreRelatedThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )758 Words   |  4 PagesOctober, 2015 Position Paper The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed trade agreement between twelve Pacific Rim countries concerning a variety of matters of economic policy, about which agreement was reached on 5 October 2015. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership) In 22 September 2008, United State of America joined the agreement. Since then, new countries such as Australia, Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru and Vietnam also joined the TPP, bringing the total number ofRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1473 Words   |  6 PagesThe Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a proposed trade agreement between several countries who border the Pacific Ocean, parties to the agreement include: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States and Vietnam. While the main objective of the TPP is to lower barriers to trade, namely by slashing existing tariffs on commonly traded goods, the TPP also addresses environmental conce rns, labor rights, and intellectual property protectionRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a controversial agreement between 12 of the world s most powerful countries. This partnership is set to change history not just for America but for the world. The partnership has it eyes set on a cornucopia of issues from: Intellectual Property rights, and tariffs, to collective bargaining rights, and access to affordable medicines. All of these certainly great issues that America and the world face. The Trans Pacific Partnership is a partnership that doesRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp ) Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is an economic free trade agreement currently being negotiated between New Zealand and 11 other Pacific Rim nations (Wyber Perry, 2013). It seeks to reduce trade restrictions including tariffs, create shared guidelines for intellectual property rights, sa nction codes for environmental and labour regulations, and create an investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system (Fergusson, McMinimy Williams, 2015). The implications of the TPP are immense, encompassingRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a 12-nation Asian-Pacific trade agreement that seeks to increase economic integration among participating nations by lowering barriers to trade, improving trade facilitation and enhancing standards harmonization. Upon completion, the TPP trade area would comprise a region with $28 trillion in economic output, making up around 39 percent of the world’s total output. If the TPP is successfully implemented, tariffs will be removed on almost $2 trillion in goodsRead MoreTrans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1499 Words   |  6 Pagesyears of negotiation, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was finally signed on February 4, 2016. As a large range of goods and services w ill be affected, countries have to consider both pros and cons of the agreement. For Vietnam, despite possible detriments due to IP protection, externalities, the partnership is generally beneficial as it significantly boosts Vietnam’s major export industries and increases the countries’ GDP in a short amount of time. Trans-Pacific Partnership is considered one ofRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1590 Words   |  7 Pages2) What are main themes or sectors that are negotiated in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, that are more prone to be subject to industrial groups’ vested interests, and what are ones more prone to be affected by political positioning? Create a table, and justify your distribution of â€Å"affected† themes or sectors, or aspects by reviewing various readings. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is an extensive, proposed trade agreement that â€Å"would strengthen ties between Asia and the Americas, create aRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )896 Words   |  4 Pagesoccurs across state and international lines making the world’s citizens better off. Free trade is crucial to this improvement in well-being. Unfortunately, all current presidential candidates are against free trade. In particular, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP,) a massive multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA,) is facing strong opposition. Economists frequently cite the benefits of trade and the importance of free trade between nations. In this fashion, many FTAs have been made in recent historyRead MoreThe Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )1401 Words   |  6 Pagesand the society of the pledged countries. Until recently, the U.S. initiated, the Trans-Pacific partnership (TPP), a global trade agreement that will impose stricter provisions on the labor issues such as workplace safety, labor issue, and labor dispute to the pledged countries. Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Singapore are 4 of the 11 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries who pledged in this TPP agreement and thus will be benefited from the elimination of taxes and tariffs onRead MoreThe Problematic Partnership Of The Trans Pacific Partnership ( Tpp )2425 Words   |  10 PagesThe Problematic Partnership Brewing since 2006, a revolutionary free trade agreement has been held under discussion by twelve of the Pacific Rim countries, including the United States, Chile, and Australia (Friel, Sharon, Gleeson, Thow, Labonte, Stuckler, Kay, and Snowdon 1). This agreement is known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and while it shows potential to be a decisive economic deal, there exist outstanding issues. Of these issues are unjust intellectual rights laws, hindrance of the

Adinis Oxel Free Essays

By this full implementation this could help to our politicians making our places peaceful, peers group could be avoided eke gangster, sorority, and fraternity groups. For the curfew hours of minors will also effective if that could be fully implemented. By this no person below 18 years old will be in their home before night hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Adinis Oxel or any similar topic only for you Order Now They will focus on their study, making their assignment at home. Instead of wasting their time in drinking liquors, playing gambling playing billiards and computer games. Because they will not be allowing to stand by and all public places between 7:00 pm to 5:00 am. Juvenile crimes will be avoided. Fully implementation of curfew could help the public enforcer to make peace and order to the immunity. Crimes will be decreasing because if there are no minors and other people who were got drunk there will be the possibility that no one will commit a crime. And was in favor of the fully implementation of curfew hours in the reason that parents/ guardian will be having a peace in mind that their children are safe from any vices that could they in countered. B. What are the advantages/disadvantages of the full implementation of the above proposition? Youth is a major and growing problem, often involving both drugs and violence. By imposing curfew hours it can help to solve this problem. It is advantageous, because it keeps minor or others people in the street, and therefore out of trouble, and prevent from congregating in the hours of darkness. Curfews on minors help to protect vulnerable children for not all parents are responsible and inevitably their children. Suffer both from crime and accidents, and are likely to full into bad habits. C. How do we solve or what suggestion would you recommend to solve above proposition? I suggest that curfew hours should be fully implemented in La Trinidad, by the approval Of the municipal mayor Edna Tableland. If that could e happen the place of La Trinidad will have a peace and safety community. There are no people stands by at the public places like Tableland Park. All economic structures establishment like bars, clubs, restaurant, billiard hall, and computer shop will be closed during night time. Curfew will also provide safety precaution to the other businesses. By fully implementation of curfew hours will cause in the decreasing of crime rate in La Trinidad. There are many crime cases that the police have encountered like the case of PEP Mendoza who shot the owner of the midtown bar located at town, latrine, unguent in the reason that he was drunk. If the full implementation of curfew hours was imposed earlier that could not be happen. In socio-cultural way back in the past people the place of La Trinidad have a few number of business establishment, but when the years goes by it brought to a sociological changes. The ways of the fore father were able to evolve. As I suggest to side of educational sectors curfew hours should be imposed, to avoid minors from addiction to computers, drinking liquor, and other vices that it could affect their studies. How to cite Adinis Oxel, Papers

Endangered species 2 Essay Example For Students

Endangered species 2 Essay GIANT PANDA CAPTIVE BREEDING WWFs policy on captive breeding is that: The productive management of captive pandas would be helpful in ensuring the long-term survival of the species. All potential breeding animals in captivity should be included in an integrated programme, whose main aim should be to provide animals for re-introduction into the wild. WWF urges all institutions in the world which currently hold pandas to contribute fully to this breeding programme. There are currently 23 pandas at the China Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda in Wolong and an estimated total of 103 animals in captivity worldwide. Along with fieldwork, Chinese scientists have worked continuously to improve the success rate of captive breeding of the Giant Pandas. This has proved to be quite a challenge, all the more so since pandas are only receptive to breeding for a very brief period in late spring or early summer. Research efforts have, however, paid off. Since 1991 natural mating has resulted in eight births at the Wolong centre. In addition to experience gained over the years at Wolong, the recent success of births can be attributed to improved cooperation between Chinas Ministry of Forestry and the countrys zoos involved in panda breeding, as well as to an exchange of information and technology between Chinese and western scientists. Some problems are, however, still experienced with animal husbandry, particularly the care and welfare of infants. Disease and rejection by the mother have been the main cause of death among cubs. Investigation of these, and other aspects of panda reproduction, now form an active part of the ongoing research programme. THREATS The main threats to the Giant Panda are habitat destruction and poaching. Young animals are caught for zoos, and adults are killed for their pelts which are used to make coats and sleeping mats. These mats are claimed to allow the sleeper to predict the future, and to keep away ghosts.6 Although capital punishment has been introduced for poachers, illegal hunting continues. A single Giant Panda pelt can sell for US $100,000 on the black market. 3 Panda meat is unpalatable and hence little subsistence hunting occurs. Many hunters set snares for deer and other animals, especially Musk Deer, and at least one incidental Giant Panda death has been documented.6 Although illegal, such snaring occurs inside as well as outside the reserve system. Available Giant Panda habitat has been severely reduced by logging and forest clearance for agricultural settlement. In the Sichuan Province, where the majority of Giant Pandas live, satellite mapping and surveys completed in 1974/5 and 1985/8 revealed that the area of habitat occupied by pandas had been reduced from over 20,000 km2 to only 10,000 km2; a similar rate of decline exists in Gansu and Shaanxi.5 During the late eighties, pandas suffered high mortality due to the flowering, seeding and die-back of bamboo over wide areas. This is a natural phenomenon, which may happen every 30 to 80 years, but its effects are exacerbated by the restrictions that increased human settlement have placed on Panda movements. Giant Pandas are now unable to disperse to other areas of suitable habitat in times of food shortage, and many have died of starvation. In the Wanglang Reserve, a population estimated at 196 individuals in 1969 had been reduced to only 10-20 by 1980 because of lack of food.5 Bamboo die-off may however have been an important feature of the species population dynamics, with enforced emigration promoting out-breeding and maintenance of a healthy population. The small, isolated populations of Giant Panda which remain may be threatened by in-breeding, which is liable to reduce reproduction rate, fertility and survival of young.7 .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 , .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .postImageUrl , .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 , .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:hover , .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:visited , .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:active { border:0!important; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:active , .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34 .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33e3064f7ac5e9ca350afbff5ee89f34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction Essay 1. Servheen, C. 1990. The Status and Conservation of the Bears of the World. Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage. Monogr. Series No. 2. 32. 2. Anon. 1990. Panda Research. International Bear News, Vol. 90 (3), No. 1. 3. Mills, J. 1992. Milking the bear trade. International Wildlife, 22 (3): 38-45. 4. Jien, G. 1991. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group Newsletter, No. 2., February 1991. 5. Menghu, W. and Tieqin, H. (eds.). 1989. National Conservation Management Plan for the Giant Panda and its Habitat: Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces, The Peoples .

The Eolian Harp and The Vanity of Human Wishes free essay sample

A paper which compares and analyzes two poems by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Samuel Johnson. In English literature, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Samuel Johnson are two important writers known for their brilliance in composing poetry. The two poets have differing styles because of the influence and events that occurred during the time a literary work was being done, and these differences in themes and literary style are discussed in this paper. The specific literary works that serve as a comparison for both writers are The Vanity of Human Wishes (Johnson) and The Eolian Harp (Coleridge). Lastly, the theme used in Vanity is about dangers that greed can bring to people and is delivered in a melancholic tone. Eolian is the opposite of Vanity; the former discusses nature and the poets sensibility to the joys that nature or any inanimate objects bring to an individual. The poem shows appreciation for nature and is delivered in a happy tone. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eolian Harp and The Vanity of Human Wishes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another factor that may be considered to the different tones of both poems is the mood the poets are in when they wrote the literary work. Johnson was in a state of periodic depression when Vanity was composed; Coleridge was in a joyous mood when he wrote Eolian because he was about to get married at that time. Hence, these varying moods contribute to the tone of the poems they had composed.

Dystopia or Utopia an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Dystopia or Utopia Technological advancement has indeed reached its peak, entering the new millennium. Infinite sources of information can be obtained with just a click of a button. The communication barrier is fading away, with the creation of the internet and cell phones. It does not really matter today, who you are, where you are, and how old you are. Need essay sample on "Dystopia or Utopia" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Everything is connected to each other. More and more discoveries and inventions are appearing our very eyes. It is possible that even our very identity can be cloned in the nearby future. The question that we have to ask ourselves now; do we really need all of these? We are indeed obtaining technological advancement, and fast approaching the state of being a God, but at what price? All I see today when I open the television set is suffering, arguments, protestors, and people getting interviewed, claiming that the end is near. Do we really need all these? The dystopia which Margaret Atwood places in front of us, through her book "Oryx and Crake" may be a little exaggerated, but can be so close to the future that may be headed for us. I see Margaret Atwood as a visionary. Her point of view is in a pessimistic way, but I think we should expect the worst out of things, in order to bring out the best. Atwood, according to my research bases everything on something, and mixes it with her imagination. This fictional book can be our story, our reality. I agree with Margaret Atwoods fear, that our world is facing dystopia instead of utopia. With the events that are happening today in our world, it is truly frightening. Our world is changing, it is dying. If we do not do anything about or recent condition, Homo sapiens, in about fifty to sixty years can very well be classified into the long list of extinct species. The earths ozone is disappearing due to the greenhouse effect that we humans are pumping up. The temperature is changing, and slowl y everything is suffering. This is only one of the thousand reasons why we should start changing. It is for our own good. If it is true that technological advancement improves our way of living, than how come we are slowly deteriorating? I think we are confused. We try over and over again to make things easier for us, but in doing so threaten everything else around us. We must find a way to research, create, and promote inventions or systems without the expense of a priceless asset. There is no doubt that all these things that where created, are for own good. The government, a currency, physical sciences, and even cloning have their own purpose for existence, and our mistake is the lack of mastery. We do not seem to think about the big picture, we do not think about the consequences of our actions. We are the masters of the universe, and it is our responsibility to take care of these gifts that were given to us. In her book, Atwood sees the growth of multinational companies, and our never ending thirst for knowledge to be threatening. She sees us living inside company compounds, and eating manufactured food, and keeps on asking "what if?" This is a question we must ask ourselves before we start doing something. We must think about the consequences of our actions, and accept it. I am not sure if our attitude of never being contented is a good thing or not. Search for supreme power has done more harm than good. The craving to control everything is wrong. We are the masters of the universe, but not Gods. Can it be possible that all these things are a little bit too much? All these studies, systems, and experiments are depriving us of happiness. It is depriving us of being contented. When will we reach the point of satisfaction? I have so many questions going around my head as I write this essay. It is quite depressing that this has become of our world, a world full of greed, hatred, war, hunger, and pain. Nevertheless I can see the endless potentials that our earth and we have. All this knowledge and power can become a good thing. The human race has to go back to its morals and values, and stop all these sorrow that we are implementing to ourselves. I can imagine a world of utopia. Wherein all these intellectual capacity we have are used to solve the problem of world hunger, and where peoples age can reach up to a hundred due to medicine, and biological discoveries, and wherein a wide range of flora and fauna can be seen just by looking out of ones window. All these seem like a dream right now, but can be obtained. But until nothing is done, utopia shall be replaced by dystopia. Margaret Atwood gives us a joyless view of the future through her book "Oryx and Crake". A world wherein the world is infested by a virus, genetic engineering is popular, companies are powerful, and children view pornographic sites, and suicides. It is a science fiction that is happening today. All these events are slowly taking place, right before our eyes. The dystopia which Atwood places in front of me is mind blowing, and really does have a point. But I must look at things at another way. Voyages have been made, viruses have been cured, more and more children are becoming literate, and I get to sleep safe and quiet at night. The assumption of Atwood that anything new is destructive is a little bit far fetched. I believe that change can be for the better. Everything is not yet too late. Yes I feel that at the rate that we are going at, we are headed for dystopia, but not Atwoods dystopia. My idea of our dystopia is like this; Due to our environmental arrogance, the ozone layer will be shattered, and the greenhouse effect shall take place. Because of this, a chain of events shall take place, just like when you push a domino, to a stack of dominos and everything falls down. Animals and plants will all slowly die, and the human race along with it, due to climate change. But that is if we dont all drown right away because of the melting of the polar ice caps. These are what I see of what can happen to us, because it is already happening. Another idea that comes to my mind, when I think of our Dystopia, is that the continents of this earth, shall gain supreme power in artillery and war, and will blow us all up through nuclear powered bombs, just like the superhero or Looney tunes shows that we watch, where the whole planet disappears in a blink of an eye. It is also possible that the time may come, wherein we shall be ultimately dependent to technology. That a system or machine will be created to monitor or guide our every move, that every breath we take may come from a machine, and that every part of our body is genetically modified, or that a cell phone serves like a birth certificate, and if you dont have one, you are not recognized to be a human being. If it so happens that this really happens, and a glitch happens to the system, and does not function, apocalypse shall take place it is really sad to imagine these events as I sit down and type this essay. No human being is born to be evil, but like I mentioned before, our greed, hatred, and thirst for power shall be the soul purpose of our destruction. We are influenced by the society to strive for the best, and never be contented. A nine year old child can obtain enough information to access a gun, and learn how to use it, just by surfing the net for about fifteen minutes. All these knowledge we possess is scary. Self destruction is possible because of the power that we have worked so hard for. I do not think that "Oryx and Crake" was meant to bring joy and hope to its readers, I think it was made to serve as a warning of what may happen to us if we dont start doing anything. Its weird that this research has given me a different perception of the world today, Even though it was not its goal to do so, this book or quote has given me faith in the human race, and it capabilities. That everything is not yet too late. I wish a technique can be constructed wherein we can improve our lifestyle, without giving up another thing. That each man and women can see eye to eye, and work together to help save our dying earth, and race. Satisfaction can be obtained; we just have to start with ourselves. Dystopia is possible, but so is utopia. It is really our choice of what to pick among the two. Reference Page: Dashevsky, Evan. "Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood."(2007). Freeman, John. "Biology Is Destiny." 2003. Vol. Volume 24. Greer, W. R. "Book Review - Oryx and Crake."(2003).

Dental surgery Essays

Dental surgery Essays Dental surgery Essay Dental surgery Essay Unit 304 Participating through team leading Wealth the dental practice I am going to change the current external referral process for patients. The patient referral process Is for the necessary referring of patients to the local PACT for dental work that may be too complex for the GAP or for patients that are too afraid to accept dental treatment within the general dental surgery and require a form of sedation. Currently the referral process requires that the GAP writes all the necessary details, Including patients personal details and the treatment they require on the relevant form provided by the PACT and any relevant radiography re included. Once the form is fully completed it is then posted to the local PACT who will triage the referral to the appropriate department. I feel this process is currently very time consuming, costly to the practice with postage charges, referrals run the risk of getting lost In the post and once any radiography are sent with a referral the dental practice no longer has a copy. I am going to change the referral process so that all referrals will be sent online Vela a secure software program provided by the PACT. His will also allow all radiography to be scanned onto the computer and sent with the online referral ensuring that the Dental practice always retains the original radiography. I feel that this will be beneficial to the dental practice as it will be less time consuming the GAP, will ensure that no referrals are lost in the post and ensures a copy of any radiography are retained in practice. It will also be more efficient for the patient as once a referral is sent online it is received Immediately by the triage centre and patients will receive an appointment In a matter of weeks rather than months. I will trial this new referral system for one month, after which I will gather feedback from colleagues regarding their experience with the system and find out their pinion. I will also look at how the system could be further amended and whether it is more efficient than the original process and with the help of my colleagues will make a decision on whether we keep the new system or revert back to the old system. To begin implementing the new referral system I will follow these steps: 1 . Priorities any necessary changes in order of relation to each other to ensure a seamless change over to the new system 2. Apply to the local PACT for a radiography scanner 3. Set up the secure software program to send referrals Vela 4. Learn how to use the new software 5. Plan a meeting (minutes of which to be recorded) with team members to explain ensure each surgery does their own referrals. Once the new system is up and running, my role will be to communicate any changes to the system to my colleagues and encourage them all to send referrals via this new system. I will continue to monitor the referral system and ensure referrals are being triage and accepted correctly and that any rejected referrals are followed up by the relevant dentist. For any external support that I require with the system I will contact the Dental Referral Centre and ensure any support and advice is communicated with y colleagues when necessary. Minutes of Meeting Tradeoff Dental Centre Staff Meeting 08 May 2014 Meeting called to order at 1. 15 pm by meeting chair Lauren Newton. Staff present: Chair Lauren Newton Practice Manager Donna James Head Nurse Charlotte Moss Nurse Charlotte Carter GAP loan Mariners GAP Monika Millionaire GAP Sanitations Lentos Receptionist Sara Abbott Staff not present: GAP Georgia Slovakia (pre-arranged) Reason for Meeting To Introduce the new external referral system Items to be discussed How system will work and how it can be accessed Demonstration of how to log onto the system and how to complete a test form All Taft phone numbers to be collected for access to new system Staff agree to trial new referral system for one month Action Required All staff to start using the new referral system immediately Completion Date 08 June 2014 After the one month trial of the new referral system, I handed out questionnaires and held a feedback session with my colleagues to gather feedback and hear their opinions. Items discussed were the effectiveness of the new system compared to the old system and the financial savings to the practice. Staff felt that the new system provided a more efficient process as it was quicker and patients had a faster espouse compared to the previous system. Dentists were also happier with the fact they retained the original radiography. It was noted however that only one person could log in to the system at any one time and this meant having to wait for that person to log of before being able to send and check referrals. Identifying this issue meant we could provide feedback to the dental referral centre and since this an amendment has been made. As a practice we have chosen to keep the new referral system as we feel it offers more benefits to the practice and patients than the previous system and it has rover to be more efficient and cost effective to the practice. I believe this task was run successfully and has greatly improved teamwork within the practice. Feedback Questionnaire 1 . Do you feel the new referral system was implemented well? Yes Comments No 2. Were you satisfied with the training received to use the new system? 3. Do you feel the new system is more efficient and less time consuming? 4. Are your patients experiencing a faster response from their referral? 5. After the initial one month trial period, did you feel it was better to keep the new system rather than reverting back to the previous? Other comments

Negophobia by Mark Bauerlein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negophobia by Mark Bauerlein - Essay Example The riot was based on color and race discrimination among Blacks and Whites in Atlanta which ultimately spread from Atlanta to Georgia and throughout the United States of America. The actual riot began on 22nd September, 1906 and ended on 26th September, 1906 between White and Black masses, in which Black African lost around 40 lives. The riot didn’t occur suddenly because of any one issue; instead it was an explosion in retaliation of continuous plot weaved on the false accusations made on Blacks in regard of White women by some criminal minded people. Historic Background of Atlanta: In the beginning of the twentieth century, Atlanta was progressing rapidly. White and Blacks had different vision and identities but were parallel in growth and competition. The growth in the Black’s population and their expansion in social intermingling threatened the White elites who then favored Jim Crow’s Segregation concept and stood hard to separate seating arrangement in publ ic transport and discouraged neighborhoods with blacks. On the other hand, Black elites were gaining power, were getting majorly involved in politics and were promoting Black youngsters in almost every walk of life. This cold war started showing its signs and finally surfaced in the middle of the Gubernatorial contest during which desperate leaders played an unethical trick to create racial tension in order to win the favor of the majority. This was done through the instigation of a rumor based campaign focused on â€Å"Negro-Crime†. Here, African American males were accused of sexual crimes against White females, although there was no evidence that this was occurring, and the driving factor was simple prejudice. The air of hatred, racial and sexual inequality diffused in the atmosphere and provoked a claim for a new vision for South Atlanta. Causes: At the end of the civil war, tension remained high between the Whites and the Blacks, with both races unsure of what the years to come would bring. In Atlanta, election hype created enthusiasm between the two majority groups within the State as a consequence of the growing powers of Blacks in jobs, voting rights, and other political realm. The competition between Blacks and Whites was heightened by the growing status differences, and many Whites were concerned that they would no longer be able to think of or treat the Blacks as being inferior. This drove the creation of rumors and threats to demoralize blacks in the society. Whites were charged by the manipulated stories during Gubernatorial Elections of 1906. The main candidates were Hoke Smith and Clark Howell, who were struggling against each other for democratic elections. They both were linked with publishing newspapers and therefore took advantage of their powers in print media and published false stories to attack Black communities who were running successful businesses like saloons and bars. To destabilize Blacks and their businesses, Atlanta Georgi an and Atlanta News began to air false stories of Black men molesting and then raping white women. Both candidates were looking ways to demoralize Blacks and prevent them from voting therefore did multiple attacks narrating that White Women are victimized by the Blacks which made Whites furious and brought them to streets. These stories circulated throughout the city with lurid stories and cartoon sketching saying that White’

Greeces Inadequate Response to the International Credit Crisis Term Paper

Greeces Inadequate Response to the International Credit Crisis - Term Paper Example In several areas housing markets suffered heavily, something that led to foreclosures, evictions and prolonged cases of unemployment among several industries. During that time, the crisis is said to have been responsible for the failure and closure of several key businesses (Laskos, & Tsakalotos, 2013), massive drops in consumer wealth, which had been estimated to range in trillions of American dollars. Similarly, the situation caused a huge downturn in economic activities, leading to the global recession of 2008-2012, thus resulting in another crisis, the European sovereign-debt (Shannon, 2014). It is believed that the most active part of the particular crisis that manifested itself in the form of liquidity crisis can actually be traced from 9th of August 2007 (Shannon, 2014). During this time, BNP Paribas is believed to have ended completely all withdrawals from the three main hedge funds because of a total evaporation of the much needed liquidity. This paper examines the concept of the international credit crisis as it happened, focusing on the strategies that Greece use in response towards the crisis including the United States and other European nations. The real cause of the crisis has been a subject of discussion, with different experts giving different opinions and perspectives as to the real causes. The Levin-Coburn’s report from the U.S senate explained that the crisis was brought about by those complex and high risk financial products, failure from the side of regulators, diverse conflicts of interest, agencies in charge of credit rating as well as the market itself, which wanted to rein beyond the Wall Street excesses (Laskos, & Tsakalotos, 2013). On the other hand, the conclusions by the commission of inquiry into the crisis argued that the crisis would have been avoided, had the financial regulators taken effective steps in good time. In this case, they explained that the crisis was to be blamed on financial supervision and regulation

The Effects Of Cyber Crime Information Technology Essay

The Effects Of Cyber Crime Information Technology Essay Perhaps the most prominent form of cyber crime is identity theft, in which criminals use the Internet to steal personal information from other users. Two of the most common ways this is done is through phishing and pharming. Both of these methods lure users to fake websites (that appear to be legitimate), where they are asked to enter personal information. This includes login information, such as usernames and passwords, phone numbers, addresses, credit card numbers, bank account numbers, and other information criminals can use to steal another persons identity. For this reason, it is smart to always check the URL or Web address of a site to make sure it is legitimate before entering your personal information. The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820! That is not surprising considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been around since 3500 B.C. in India, Japan and China. The era of modern computers, however, began with the analytical engine of Charles Babbage. In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France, produced the loom. This device allowed the repetition of a series of steps in the weaving of special fabrics. This resulted in a fear amongst Jacquards employees that their traditional employment and livelihood were being threatened. They committed acts of sabotage to discourage Jacquard from further use of the new technology. This is the first recorded cyber crime! We are currently living in Cyber age, where Internet and computers have major impacts on our way of living, social life and the way we conduct businesses. The usage of information technology has posed great security challenges and ethical questions in front of us. Just as every thing has positives and negatives, usage of information technology is beneficial as well as insecure. With the growth of the internet, network security has become a major concern. Cyber crimes have emerged rapidly in the last few years and have major consequences. Cyber criminals are doing every thing from stealing money, hacking into others computer, stealing intellectual property, spreading viruses and worms to damage computers connected on the internet and committing frauds. Stoppage of cyber crimes is a major concern today. Cyber criminal make use of the vulnerabilities in computer soft wares and networks to their advantage. Hacking: Hacking or Cracking is a major cyber crime committed today. Hacker makes use of the weaknesses and loop holes in operating systems to destroy data and steal important information from victims computer. Cracking is normally done through the use of a backdoor program installed on your machine. A lot of crackers also try to gain access to resources through the use of password cracking soft wares. Hackers can also monitor what u do on your computer and can also import files on your computer. A hacker could install several programs on to your system without your knowledge. Such programs could also be used to steal personal information such as passwords and credit card information. Important data of a company can also be hacked to get the secret information of the future plans of the company. Cyber-Theft: Cyber-Theft is the use of computers and communication systems to steal information in electronic format. Hackers crack into the systems of banks and transfer money into their own bank accounts. This is a major concern, as larger amounts of money can be stolen and illegally transferred. Many newsletters on the internet provide the investors with free advice recommending stocks where they should invest. Sometimes these recommendations are totally bogus and cause loss to the investors. Credit card fraud is also very common. Most of the companies and banks dont reveal that they have been the victims of cyber -theft because of the fear of loosing customers and share holders. Cyber-theft is the most common and the most reported of all cyber-crimes. Cyber-theft is a popular cyber-crime because it can quickly bring experienced cyber-criminal large cash resulting from very little effort. Furthermore, there is little chance a professional cyber-criminal will be apprehended by law enforcement. Viruses and worms: Viruses and worms is a very major threat to normal users and companies. Viruses are computer programs that are designed to damage computers. It is named virus because it spreads from one computer to another like a biological virus. A virus must be attached to some other program or documents through which it enters the computer. A worm usually exploits loop holes in soft wares or the operating system. Trojan horse is dicey. It appears to do one thing but does something else. The system may accept it as one thing. Upon execution, it may release a virus, worm or logic bomb. A logic bomb is an attack triggered by an event, like computer clock reaching a certain date. Chernobyl and Melissa viruses are the recent examples. Experts estimate that the My doom worm infected approximately a quarter-million computers in a single day in January 2004. Back in March 1999, the Melissa virus was so powerful that it forced Microsoft and a number of other very large companies to completely turn off their e-mail systems until the virus could be contained. Solutions: An important question arises that how can these crimes be prevented. A number of techniques and solutions have been presented but the problems still exists and are increasing day by day. Antivirus And Anti spy ware Software: Antivirus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software. Anti spy wares are used to restrict backdoor program, Trojans and other spy wares to be installed on the computer. Firewalls: A firewall protects a computer network from unauthorized access. Network firewalls may be hardware devices, software programs, or a combination of the two. A network firewall typically guards an internal computer network against malicious access from outside the network. Cryptography: Cryptography is the science of encrypting and decrypting information. Encryption is like sending a postal mail to another party with a lock code on the envelope which is known only to the sender and the recipient. A number of cryptographic methods have been developed and some of them are still not cracked. Cyber Ethics and Laws: Cyber ethics and cyber laws are also being formulated to stop cyber crimes. It is a responsibility of every individual to follow cyber ethics and cyber laws so that the increasing cyber crimes shall reduce. Security soft wares like anti viruses and anti spy wares should be installed on all computers, in order to remain secure from cyber crimes. Internet Service Providers should also provide high level of security at their servers in order to keep their clients secure from all types of viruses and malicious programs. The Effects of Cyber crime When you purchase a home it comes with a door and a lock. You always will make sure that the door/lock exist and that the lock is working properly. If you want you can aim to further secure your home against any threats. You may purchase a new security system, an additional lock or maybe even a pet dog for added safety. Why would you not secure your investment? Would you invite criminals to use your home to commit additional crimes wherever he/she pleases? In the same fashion, computer viruses that can generate havoc on your PC system are just as criminal. Viruses can cost companies millions and dollars in time to repair an infected system. Recently, Microsoft went as far as to post a $250,000 bounty for the writers of the MSBlast worm and the SoBig.F virus. Organizations such as Interpol now have sections of their website devoted to cyber-crime, with other websites such as the IFCC Internet Fraud Complaint Center specializing in Internet Crime. In General, computer viruses can be transferred to an unsuspecting PC through a variety of formats. Viruses can appear through e-mail, infected software, diskettes, infected CD/DVD discs or computer documents. Furthermore, if you do not run regular Microsoft Windows updates (http://windowsupdates.microsoft.com), even regular Internet web browsing can cause major problems, through known security exploits in your Operating System. An unsuspecting user can open what they think is a legitimate webpage, however then end up downloading a virus or allowing access to their PC by a hacker. Viruses are showing up on a weekly basis. Your Anti-virus software, security applications or Windows Operating System is only as good as its last update. To get complete protection, you must regularly update with the latest virus definition files, scanning engines, patches and fixes. Prevention is always better then hours of frustration and lost data. Some of the main ways to ensure your PC is protected from malicious computer viruses are as follows. Computer-based crime Computers facilitate the theft of money and property and the destruction of data when there are inadequate controls against their misuse. Crimes perpetrated by unauthorized access to keyboards, terminals and communications devices generally can be described as thefts, misapplications of assets, or destruction of information. These terms may apply to the misappropriation of money and real property, or of proprietary information and intangible assets. The misuse of the computer may involve the forgery of computer signatures such as authorizing codes; the creation of false accounts payable to disburse cheques; improper use of personal information; the creation of virus or rogue programmes which interfere in software operations and destroy data. All of these crimes include programming the erasure of any evidence of the computer crime perpetrated. Probably the fastest growing category of computer related crime is that involving electronic fund transfer systems. The most significant types of computer crime were: arson, sabotage and malicious damage of computer installations; system penetration, or hacking; unauthorized use of computer time; thefts of assets, including software; embezzlement of funds; defrauding of consumers and investors; and destruction or alteration of data (including college transcripts and diplomas) and software. The motive is usually personal financial gain, anger or revenge but another significant impetus is the intellectual challenge associated with computer crime The absence of, or inadequate provision for, documentation and access controls for computer installations, facilitates computer crime. Unauthorized access to software and hardware is almost exclusively the means of crime perpetration. With authorized access, but with criminal collusion, two or more persons may commit crimes unnoticed, until financial audits, inventories, and computer operation system checks uncover the fraud or misuse. In the case of theft of intangible properties such as computer-stored patents of engineering, chemical or other designs, processes, or marketing and strategic data, the crime is exposed, if at all, by inferences drawn from the activities, products or knowledge shown by competitors Studies in the USA indicate that about one-third of such crimes were committed by staff or consultant data-processing personnel, almost exclusively below management level; but the bulk were committed by non-data-processing personnel with normal, job-related access to computers. A recent USA study has concluded that computer-related crime now rivals white collar crime in cost and seriousness. The report was based on a survey of 283 corporations and government agencies and among the conclusions were the following: about 48% of those surveyed reported some form of computer crime during 1983 with total annual losses estimated to be $145 million to $730 million. More recent estimates based on actual reported crime place losses in the USA at $3 billion per annum. An Australian computer expert has estimated that there were about 4000 computer-related frauds over the period 1975-1983. Pranksters in Canada in the past have re-routed the entire delivery system for Pepsi-cola; in 1971 the New Y ork-Penn Central Railroad Company discovered 200 of its box-cars had been re-routed and ended up near Chicago and another 200 cars were found to be missing. In New Jersey seven young people, all under 18 years, were charge with conspiring to use their home computers for exchanging stolen credit card numbers, information on how to make free phone calls, and to call coded phone numbers in the Pentagon. They were found with codes capable of changing the position of communication satellites. One youngster had run up a large phone bill at home and when berated by his parents, he proceeded to break into the phone billing system and cancelled the charge Few computer crimes are actually reported. In the US is required by law to report computer crimes; many commentators agree that only about 15% of computer-related crimes are actually reported. The Australian Computer Abuse Research Bureau argues that only one in 20 cases of the $2 million or so worth of computer-related offences in Australia during 1980 was in fact reported. The reasons given are that there is not much faith in the legal system and its ability to prosecute a case of computer crime successfully; that companies fear that to declare publicly that their system has been breached and that their assets are not as secure as once thought will cause a flight of capital in shareholders funds and deposits; and that there is a reluctance to expose the companys records and systems to public scrutiny and competitors In the UK in 1989, it was estimated that the cost to industry of computer-based crime was over  ¿Ã‚ ½400 million per year. The average annual incidence was9 incidents per 100 companies (rising in some cases to 1 in 2), costing on average  ¿Ã‚ ½46,000 per incident. Other estimates put the cost of computer crime as high as  ¿Ã‚ ½2 billion per year. The most vulnerable sector is the communications industry in which there were 192 incidents per 100 companies. Fraudulent input of information, notably on payroll systems, accounted for 4.1 million pounds of losses A person stealing trade secrets no longer has to physically copy documents because much scientific and technical information is now stored on computers. Instead of copying hundreds of pages of information on a duplicating machine, a person can download that material onto a single computer disk which can be easily concealed in a pocket. The information on the disk can then be sent or transmitted anywhere in the world without ever engendering the employers suspicions. Additionally, if a thief is able to illegally penetrate a companys computer system, he or she can download that companys trade secrets and transmit them on international computer networks without removing the originals from the victim company 1. While the Internet provides dramatic and exciting benefits to enhance our lives, it also allows those who want to violate or evade the law an opportunity to reach exponentially greater numbers of people Common Types of Computer Related Crime There are a number of common attacks and methods of committing a computer related crime. Some of these are less sophisticated than others, and can be committed by someone with limited knowledge of computers. Others require programming skills and/or an advanced knowledge of how computers and various software can work together to commit a crime. COMPUTER VIRUSES Computer viruses are programs that can attach themselves to other programs or files. The virus infected files can then become carriers of the virus, or become damaged in some way. The virus may effect computer services, displaying messages or playing sounds, or may crash the operating system so that the computer wont run as expected (if at all). You can prevent computer viruses by installing an anti-virus program on your computer, which scans files for known viruses. There are a number of these programs on the market, and they can be purchased from software stores or acquired on the Internet. Once installed, you will need to regularly update anti-virus files, which are used to detect and remove viruses from your system. DATA DIDDLING Data diddling involves changing data prior or during input into a computer. In other words, information is changed from the way it should be entered by a person typing in the data, a virus that changes data, the programmer of the database or application, or anyone else involved in the process of having information stored in a computer file. The culprit can be anyone involved in the process of creating, recording, encoding, examining, checking, converting, or transmitting data. This is one of the simplest methods of committing a computer-related crime, because it requires almost no computer skills whatsoever. Despite the ease of committing the crime, the cost can be considerable. For example, a person entering accounting may change data to show their account, or that or a friend or family member, is paid in full. By changing or failing to enter the information, they are able to steal from the company. To deal with this type of crime, a company must implement policies and internal controls. This may include performing regular audits, using software with built-in features to combat such problems, and supervising employees. HACKERS AND CRACKERS In computer jargon, hacker has a variety of meanings, including being synonymous with programmers and advanced computer users. In these cases, it refers to someone who hacks away at a keyboard for long periods of time, performing any number of computer-related tasks. In recent years, hacking has come to mean the same as another term cracker, which is a person who cracks the security of a system or computer application. Hacking (and cracking) now refers to the act of gaining unauthorized access to a computer, network, Web site, or areas of a system. A person may hack their way into a system for a variety of reasons; curiosity, the challenge of breaking through security measures, or to perform malicious actions and destroy or steal data. All to often, it involves performing mischief and damaging a Web site or corporate network in some manner. Commonly, hackers will impersonate a valid user to gain access to a system. If the system requires a username and password before allowing entry, a hacker may take an authentic users identity. On a network or an office with Internet access, a hacker can impersonate someone else by simply sitting at the unattended workstation of another user who hasnt logged off. It also commonly occurs when someone has an easy to guess username and password, or allows this information to be known by others. Another common method hackers use to gain access is to guess or crack a username and password thats used to access a computer, network, or Internet account. To prevent being hacked in this manner, you should use passwords that are difficult to guess. You should also make your passwords a mixture of letters, numbers, and special characters (e.g. !, @, #, $, %, ^, , *).   You should change your password at regular intervals, and set a minimal length to passwords (such as being a minimum of six or eight characters). LOGIC BOMBS A logic bomb is a program that runs at a specific date and/or time to cause unwanted and/or unauthorized functions. It can effect software or data, and can cause serious damage to a system. Generally, it will enter a system as hidden content, or may be installed on the system by someone within a company. For example, a disgruntled employee may write a program designed to crash the system one month after he plans to quit the company. When this date and time arrives, the program then executes. In other words, the bomb goes off. Often, logic bombs arent detected until after they execute à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ when the damage is done. However, by installing anti-virus software, firewalls, and other security software, you can block hidden content, and stop the bomb before it becomes a problem. Anti-virus software can detect known logic bombs, trojan horses, and viruses. Firewalls allow you to set policies on your system that will strip hidden content out of messages, removed file attachments, and so forth. TROJAN HORSE Trojan horses get their name from the story of the attack on Troy. In the story, the army couldnt get past the gates of Troy to attack. A covert attack was needed, so soldiers hid inside of a giant wooden horse, which was offered as a gift to the citizens of Troy. Once inside the gates of the city, the Trojan Horse opened and the attack began. In computer terms, Trojan Horses live up to the name derived from the Greek story. Covert instructions are hidden inside of a program. These instructions are embedded in software or email, and may provide any number of undesired or unauthorized functions. Once opened, they may modify or damage data, or send information over the Internet (which can then be used by a hacker for future attacks). By dealing hidden content in messages or software, you can avoid problems with Trojan Horses. Using anti-virus software, firewalls, and other security software, your system can check for Trojan Horses and prevent them from attacking. Computer Crime Prevention Computer crime is becoming ever prevalent in our society. More and more, companies and individuals rely on the services and resources provided through networks and computers. Companies may be dependent on the data to conduct business, while individuals may store information that is important to their personal or work-related activities. Due to this, it becomes vital that steps are taken to protect computer systems and the data thats stored on them. It is important to remember that no system can ever be completely secure. The only network, Web site, or computer system thats 100% secure is one that cant be accessed by anyone or anything, which makes it completely unusable. Natural disasters, malicious, users who make mistakes, or motivated criminals can compromise security and/or cause damage. The goal for securing your system should be to balance security with accessibility. Community Crime Prevention Everyones Doing It: Planning a Successful Community Crime Prevention Project Are you tired of walking by playgrounds that are filled with trash and broken equipment? You know kids wont play there because its such a mess. Make a difference by cleaning up that playground as a community crime prevention project. Keeping Insider Information Inside Protect confidential information against insider leaks, and corporate espionage. Take Crime Prevention to Work Local law enforcement agencies will experience greater cooperation and success with crime prevention programs if they include local businesses and corporate offices. Presentations at local businesses are designed to provide basic information and tips on crime prevention. Safer Seniors An increasing population of senior citizens, including those in assisted-living communities, has made police officers aware of the challenges of reaching this group with safety information. Strong support from the police chief and elected officials helps ensure that time, staff, and resources are dedicated to aiding seniors. Also see Neighborhood Watch and School Safety